Sometimes by mistakes, all package file
permissions get changed, and you need to restore file permission. For
example, a shell script or some sort of corruption could alter the
permissions for packages installed files, it may be necessary to reset
them.
For example a long time ago
my shell script ran chmod and chown commands on /usr and changed the
permission. Luckily rpm command can reset package permission. Sun
Solaris pkg command and IBM AIX can also reset permissions.
Please
note that this troubleshooting tip is about resetting the permission of
the installed package files and not about end users files stored in
/home directory.
RPM syntax to fix permission
To reset permissions of files in a package, run the following rpm command: rpm --setperms {packagename}
RPM syntax to fix file ownership
To set user/group ownership of files in a package, enter:
rpm --setugids {packagename}
List installed package
You can list all installed package with rpm -qa command: rpm -qa Sample outputs:
You can list
individual installed package file permission using following shell for
loop (for example list file permission for zip package): for f in $(rpm -ql zip); do ls -l $f; done Sample outputs:
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 212048 Nov 10 2015 /usr/bin/zip
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 107104 Nov 10 2015 /usr/bin/zipcloak
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 98584 Nov 10 2015 /usr/bin/zipnote
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 102680 Nov 10 2015 /usr/bin/zipsplit
total 155
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 210354 Jul 5 2008 CHANGES
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3412 Mar 3 2007 LICENSE
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 12748 Jun 26 2008 README
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6430 Mar 26 2008 README.CR
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6675 Jun 12 2008 TODO
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 15731 Jul 1 2008 WHATSNEW
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13167 Jun 12 2008 WHERE
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3395 Dec 13 1996 algorith.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 210354 Jul 5 2008 /usr/share/doc/zip-3.0/CHANGES
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3412 Mar 3 2007 /usr/share/doc/zip-3.0/LICENSE
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 12748 Jun 26 2008 /usr/share/doc/zip-3.0/README
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6430 Mar 26 2008 /usr/share/doc/zip-3.0/README.CR
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6675 Jun 12 2008 /usr/share/doc/zip-3.0/TODO
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 15731 Jul 1 2008 /usr/share/doc/zip-3.0/WHATSNEW
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13167 Jun 12 2008 /usr/share/doc/zip-3.0/WHERE
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3395 Dec 13 1996 /usr/share/doc/zip-3.0/algorith.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 28496 Jun 16 2008 /usr/share/man/man1/zip.1.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 951 May 8 2008 /usr/share/man/man1/zipcloak.1.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 793 May 8 2008 /usr/share/man/man1/zipnote.1.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 596 May 8 2008 /usr/share/man/man1/zipsplit.1.gz
Reset the permissions of the all installed RPM packages
You need to use combination of rpm and a shell for loop command as follows: for p in $(rpm -qa); do rpm --setperms $p; done for p in $(rpm -qa); do rpm --setugids $p; done Say if you mnaged to completely mess up file permissions for a given package named zip, try: # rpm --setperms {package} # rpm --setperms zip To rest ownership run: # rpm --setugids {package} # rpm --setugids zip Sample Session: Fig.01: Reset file permissions and ownership of installed Package Above command, combinations should reset all the permissions to the default permissions under a CentOS / RHEL / Fedora Linux.
A note about Debian / Ubuntu Linux distributions
Only rpm command / Solaris pkg and AIX command support package file permission reset option. However, the apt command, dpkg or apt-get command doesn’t support this option.
Solaris Unix command example
Boot Solaris / OpenSolaris box in single user mode. Mount /usr and other filesystem: mount / /a mount /usr /a/usr mount /var/ /a/var mount /opt /a/opt Login as the root, enter: pkgchk -R /a -f
Please note that the pkgchk command does not restore setuid, setgid,
and sticky bits. These must be set manually. Read the pkgchk command man
page for more information: man pkgchk
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